The RID is the dotted decimal value from which other OSPF routers will identify a particular OSPF the router. There are some interesting defaults for this value, and a command ought to know to hardcode the RID. You would also better know what has to happen for this command to adopt effect, choices take an extra detailed the the OSPF RID.  
  
VTP allows switches to promote VLAN information between people of exactly VTP web address. VTP allows a consistent view within the switched network across all switches. Each and every VLAN created on one switch in the VTP server, all other VTP devices in the domain are notified of that VLAN's existence. VTP servers knows about every VLAN, even VLANs that have no members on that switch.  
  
If find four Cisco routers, with one while your frame relay switch, Switch Cisco you are set up a frame relay cloud and practice your hub-and-spoke frame configurations. Even better, as my labs do in my CCNA Study Guide, you're able to set up a frame relay cloud and a point-to-point Serial connection. This will help you get real hands-on practice with such features as EIGRP variant.  
  
It's in order to think that Telnet runs at Layer 3 for this OSI model, the Network layer. After all, you're entering an IP address when you telnet directly onto a router or switch, and most likely be on another router when you do it! None of that means something. Layer 3 is strictly the domain of routing. Like other features that require input from the end user, especially authentication, Telnet runs at the application layer for this OSI edition.  
  
A. A *lot* of which. According to Cisco's CCNA exam blueprint, acheive to see questions on Voice over IP, wireless, Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), SSH, and wireless security. This is an educated guess, but I'd expect see even more on router and switch security also.  
  
Based on configuration, it is undoubtedly a un-managed switches and the managed switches to select from. Small business and home offices will just needs the un-managed switches. Usually are all products the less complicated ones. To to do is install them; and that they are installed and operating. More complicated networks will require the assistance of managed switches so how the user may be able to modify settings very popular network necessitates. There are two associated with managed light switches. A smart or intelligent switch, somewhat a fully managed or enterprise managed switch, is managed and a limited extent. Fully managed switches allow consumer full control of the settings.  
  
You might not could do this in real-world networks, though. If you need to assign privilege levels on a particular user basis, configure usernames and passwords and make use of the privilege 15 command from the actual username/password command itself to give this privilege levels to a lot of users yet not all.